DIABETES FOOT MANAGEMENT
Diabetes can cause nerve damage and blood vessel disease in the feet. This may cause skin and tissue breakdown, which can develop into non-healing wounds (ulcers), which are at risk of infection. This may even result in limb amputation. Structural deformity leaves bony prominence exposed to increased external pressure on the skin, leaving it at risk of being damaged. Identification of patients at risk of diabetic foot disease allows early intervention of preventative measures to be taken, and thus reduces the risk of further complications.
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Podiatry plays a crucial role in managing diabetic foot conditions, as diabetes can significantly affect the health of the feet. Diabetic foot problems arise primarily due to poor blood circulation and nerve damage (neuropathy), both common complications of diabetes.
Key Diabetic Foot Conditions:
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Peripheral Neuropathy: This is nerve damage that causes loss of sensation in the feet. Patients may not feel injuries, sores, or infections, which can worsen without treatment.
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Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD): Diabetes can impair blood flow to the feet, slowing the healing of wounds and increasing the risk of ulcers or infections.
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Foot Ulcers: Open sores that can develop due to a combination of neuropathy and PAD, which can become infected and lead to serious complications.
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Charcot Foot: A severe condition where bones in the foot weaken, leading to deformities. It can occur without the patient realizing, due to neuropathy.
Role of Podiatrists in Diabetic Foot Care:
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Preventive Care: Regular foot examinations, patient education on proper foot care, and monitoring of any changes in the feet.
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Wound Care: Treating and managing foot ulcers to prevent infections, which could otherwise lead to amputation.
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Orthotics and Footwear: Custom orthotic devices and specialized footwear can alleviate pressure points and protect the feet from injury.
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Surgical Intervention: In advanced cases, podiatrists may perform surgery to remove infected tissue or correct deformities.
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Management of Infections: Close monitoring and timely intervention to treat infections with medications or surgical debridement.
Importance of Foot Care for Diabetics:
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Daily Inspection: Patients should inspect their feet daily for cuts, blisters, redness, or swelling.
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Proper Footwear: Wearing well-fitted shoes can prevent unnecessary friction or pressure.
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Blood Sugar Control: Maintaining healthy blood glucose levels helps reduce the risk of diabetic complications.
Proper podiatric care can help prevent the development of severe foot complications in people with diabetes, preserving mobility and quality of life.
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